Who Controls Armed Force?

“Augustus obtained an important privilege, which rendered him master of Rome and Italy. By a dangerous exception to the ancient maxims, he was authorised to preserve his military command, supported by a numerous body of guards, even in time of peace, and in the heart of the capital. His command, indeed, was confined to those citizens who were engaged in the service by the military oath; but such was the propensity of the Romans to servitude, that the oath was voluntarily taken by the magistrates, the senators, and the equestrian order, till the homage of flattery was insensibly converted into an annual and solemn protestation of fidelity.” [Gibbons, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. I, p.74 (Everyman's Library)]

Leadership

Commenting on the Tsarist military leadership in August 1914, Solzhenitsyn in August 1914, p. 508 (Glenny translation, previously cited) and p. 467 (Avgust chetyrnadstatogo (Paris: YMCA Press, 1971.) noted, “And before [general] Nechvolodov had summed them up, they had summed him up–as an alien and dangerous presence for the very reason that he was not seeking personal advantage and his actions might therefore prove ruinous to his fellow officers.” [И прежде, чем Нечволодов это понял, уже поняли егоЬ как человека, чуждого их среде, опасного тем именно, что не ищет себе пользы и потомы его действия могут быть разрышутельны для сослуживцев.]